نیوار

نیوار

ارزیابی و پهنه‌بندی خطر سیلاب مبتنی بر شاخص‌های هیدروژئومورفولوژیکی در حوضه آبخیز رحیم‌آباد فسا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه یزد
2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آب وهواشناسی گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
3 دانشجو ی دکتری اقلیم شناسی دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
10.30467/nivar.2026.561418.1361
چکیده
پهنه‌بندی مخاطره سیلاب یکی از ابزارهای اساسی در مدیریت مخاطرات طبیعی و کاهش خسارات جانی و مالی در حوضه‌های آبخیز است. حوضه آبخیز رحیم‌آباد فسا به‌دلیل شرایط خاص هیدروژئومورفولوژیکی و وقوع مکرر سیلاب، از جمله حوضه‌های مستعد خطر سیل در استان فارس به‌شمار می‌رود. پژوهش حاضر با ماهیت توصیفی–تحلیلی و با هدف شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر سیل‌خیزی، به تحلیل و پهنه‌بندی مخاطره سیلاب در این حوضه پرداخته است. در این مطالعه از داده‌های هیدرومتری، سینوپتیک، باران‌سنجی و تبخیرسنجی ۱۶ ایستگاه با دوره آماری ۳۰ساله (۱۳۶۸–۱۳۹۸)، به‌همراه نقشه‌های توپوگرافی ۱:۵۰۰۰ و زمین‌شناسی ۱:۱۰۰٬۰۰۰ استفاده شد. شناسایی معیارها با روش دلفی و نظر ۱۲ نفر از خبرگان انجام گرفت و وزن‌دهی آن‌ها با استفاده از فرایند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی (AHP) صورت پذیرفت. معیارهای نهایی شامل شماره منحنی (CN)، ارتفاع رواناب، فاصله از آبراهه، شیب و شکل حوضه، شبکه زهکشی، پوشش گیاهی، نوع خاک و کاربری اراضی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که عوامل هیدرولوژیکی با وزن نهایی 731/0 نقش غالبی در تبیین سیل‌خیزی حوضه دارند و در این میان، شماره منحنی (CN) با وزن 559/0 مهم‌ترین عامل مؤثر شناسایی شد. همچنین، ارتفاع رواناب با وزن 371/0 در رتبه دوم اهمیت قرار گرفت. نتایج مکانی بیانگر آن است که بخش‌های جنوبی و پایین‌دست حوضه عمدتاً در پهنه خطر بسیار زیاد و نواحی شمالی در طبقه خطر بسیار کم قرار دارند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که سیل‌خیزی حوضه رحیم‌آباد بیش از آن‌که صرفاً متأثر از ویژگی‌های توپوگرافی باشد، حاصل برهم‌کنش عوامل هیدرولوژیکی، کاربری اراضی و ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک است. نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند در مدیریت حوضه آبخیز و کاهش خطر سیلاب مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment and Flood Hazard Zonation Based on Hydro-geomorphological Indicators in the Rahimabad Watershed,

نویسندگان English

Kamal Omidvar 1
Marjan Banna 2
Rahele Kheirolomour 3
1 professor of climatology and faculty member of the Department of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
2 Graduate of Master's degree in Climatology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran., Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
3 Ph.D. student of Climatology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
چکیده English

Flood hazard zoning is one of the fundamental tools for natural hazard management and for reducing human and economic losses in watershed systems. The Rahim-Abad watershed in Fasa County, Fars Province, is considered a flood-prone area due to its specific hydro-geomorphological conditions and the frequent occurrence of flood events. This study adopts a descriptive–analytical approach to identify, weight, and prioritize the factors influencing flood susceptibility and to produce a flood hazard zoning map for the watershed. Hydrometric, synoptic, rainfall, and evaporation data from 16 stations with a 30-year statistical period (1989–2019), along with 1:5,000 topographic maps and 1:100,000 geological maps, were used in the analysis. Relevant flood-conditioning factors were identified using the Delphi method based on the opinions of 12 experts, and their relative importance was determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The final criteria included curve number (CN), runoff depth, distance from waterways, slope and basin shape, drainage network, vegetation cover, soil type, and land use. The results indicate that hydrological factors play a dominant role in controlling flood susceptibility, with a final weight of 0.731. Among these, the curve number (CN) was identified as the most influential factor (weight = 0.559), followed by runoff depth (weight = 0.371). Spatial analysis revealed that the southern and downstream parts of the watershed are mainly classified as very high flood hazard zones, whereas the northern areas predominantly fall within the very low hazard class. Overall, the findings demonstrate that flood susceptibility in the Rahim-Abad watershed is not solely governed by topographic characteristics but results from the complex interaction of hydrological factors, land use patterns, and soil physical properties. The results can provide valuable support for watershed management, flood risk reduction, and land-use planning.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Zoning
Flood Risk
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Rahimabad-e Fasa Watershed
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مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از 18 شهریور 1405

  • تاریخ دریافت 01 آذر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 04 اسفند 1404
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  • تاریخ انتشار 18 شهریور 1405