نیوار

نیوار

تحلیل مکانی بارش‌های روزانه آذربایجان غربی براساس طبقه‌بندی صدکی و روش‌های زمین‌آماری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه آب و هواشناسی، واحد مرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرند، ایران
2 دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه مک کواری سیدنی، استرالیا
10.30467/nivar.2026.581316.1377
چکیده
بارش‌های روزانه به‌ویژه رخدادهای شدید و حدی، نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در بروز مخاطرات هیدرولوژیکی به‌ویژه در مناطق کوهستانی دارند. با این حال، اتکای صرف به شاخص‌های مبتنی بر میانگین یا آستانه‌های ثابت، قادر به نمایش کامل رفتار واقعی این رخدادها نیست. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی الگوی مکانی بارش‌های روزانه استان آذربایجان غربی بر اساس طبقه‌بندی صدکی و کاربرد روش‌های زمین‌آماری است. بدین منظور، داده‌های بارش روزانه 17 ایستگاه هواشناسی طی دوره 2004 تا 2024 پس از حذف مقادیر کمتر از یک میلی‌متر بررسی و در چهار طبقه شامل حداقل تا میانگین، میانگین تا صدک 75، صدک 75 تا 90 و صدک 90 تا 100 طبقه‌بندی شدند. سپس با استفاده از ابزارهای زمین‌آماری شامل هیستوگرام، نمودارهای چندک-چندک، تحلیل روند، شاخص خودهمبستگی مکانی موران و روش‌های مختلف کریجینگ، ساختار مکانی بارش‌ها ارزیابی گردید. نتایج نشان داد تمامی طبقات صدکی دارای توزیع غیرنرمال و روندهای مکانی غیرخطی هستند. همچنین شاخص موران وجود الگوی خوشه‌ای معنی‌دار را در همه طبقات تأیید کرد. بررسی نقشه‌های درونیابی نشان داد با افزایش شدت بارش، وابستگی مکانی کاهش یافته و الگوی توزیع بارش‌ها از حالت نسبتاً پیوسته به الگوهای ناهمگن و موضعی تغییر می‌کند؛ به‌طوری‌که بارش‌های صدک 90 تا 100 بیشترین ناهمگنی مکانی را نشان دادند. این رویکرد امکان شناخت دقیق‌تر رفتار مکانی بارش‌های روزانه و کاربرد آن در مدیریت سیلاب و برنامه‌ریزی منابع آب را فراهم می‌سازد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Spatial Analysis of Daily Precipitation in West Azerbaijan Based on Percentile Classification and Geostatistical Methods

نویسندگان English

ali yusefzadeh 1
aliakbar rasouli pirouziyan 2
1 Department of Meteorology, Mara.C., Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
2 School of Geosciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
چکیده English

Daily precipitation, particularly intense and extreme rainfall events, plays a critical role in the occurrence of hydrological hazards, especially in mountainous regions. However, relying solely on mean-based indices or fixed thresholds is insufficient to fully capture the actual behavior of such events. The present study aims to investigate the spatial patterns of daily precipitation in West Azerbaijan Province using percentile classification and geostatistical methods.
For this purpose, daily precipitation records from 17 meteorological stations during the period 2004–2024 were analyzed after excluding precipitation amounts below 1 mm. The precipitation data were classified into four categories: minimum to mean, mean to the 75th percentile, 75th to 90th percentile, and 90th to 100th percentile. Subsequently, geostatistical tools including histograms, quantile–quantile (Q–Q) plots, trend analysis, Moran’s spatial autocorrelation index, and various kriging interpolation methods were employed to evaluate the spatial structure of precipitation.
The results indicated that all percentile classes exhibited non-normal distributions and nonlinear spatial trends. Furthermore, Moran’s index confirmed the presence of significant clustered spatial patterns across all classes. Analysis of the interpolated maps revealed that spatial dependence decreased with increasing precipitation intensity, and the precipitation distribution pattern gradually shifted from relatively continuous structures to more heterogeneous and localized patterns. In particular, precipitation events within the 90th–100th percentile class exhibited the highest degree of spatial heterogeneity.
The proposed approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of the spatial behavior of daily precipitation and can contribute to improved flood management and water resources planning.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Daily precipitation spatial analysis
Geostatistical methods. Percentile classification
West Azerbaijan meteorological stations
 
 
1.    (FA) Abghari, H., & Erfanian, M. (2023). Investigation and clustering of spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation in Iran using maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform and multiscale entropy. Journal of Desert Ecosystem Engineering, 12(38).
2.    (FA) Alijani, B. (2002). Synoptic climatology (1st ed.). Tehran: SAMT Publications.
3.    (FA) Arbelouie Moghaddam, A., Rasouli, A. A., & Amini Nia, K. (n.d.). Analysis of spatial distribution of widespread extreme thunderstorm daily precipitation in the Urmia Lake Basin. Journal of Nivar, (Forthcoming, Acceptance Code: NIVAR-2511-1359).
4.    (FA) Arbelovi Moghaddam, A., Rasouli, A. A., & Amini Nia, K. (n.d.). Analysis of spatiotemporal changes of extreme precipitation in the Urmia Lake Basin over the last decade. Journal of Nivar, (Forthcoming, Acceptance Code: NIVAR-2508-1353).
5.    (FA) Asakereh, H., Barzaman, S., & Shahbaei Kotenaei, A. (2019). Analysis of spatial pattern of spring precipitation in northwest Iran using spatial analysis methods. Journal of Geography and Planning, (74), 153-164.
6.    (FA) Asakereh, H., & Razmi, R. (2011). Climatology of precipitation in northwest Iran. Quarterly Journal of Geography and Development, (25), 137-158.
7.    (FA) Azizzadeh, M. R., & Javan, K. (2013). Zoning of climate-prone areas in northwest Iran for tourism development using effective temperature index. Tourism and Future Perspective, 3(2), 117-128.
8.    (EN) Cavazos, T., Luna-Nano, R., & Valenzuela, E. (2020). Climatic trends and regional climate models intercomparison over the CORDEX-CAM (Central America, Caribbean, and Mexico) domain. International Journal of Climatology, 40(3), 1396-1420.
9.     
10. (EN) Cavazos, T., et al. (2020). Climate change and extreme precipitation variability and trends: A review. Climate Dynamics, 55, 1-20.
11. (FA) Chubeh, S., Farokhzadeh, B., Bazrafshan, E., & Hasanvand, H. (2024). Analysis of spatiotemporal changes of extreme precipitation indices under climate change influence in Iran. Journal of Watershed Management Research, 37(4), 34-53.
12. (EN) Chun, Y., & Griffith, D. A. (2013). Spatial statistics and geostatistics: Theory and applications for geographic information science and technology (SAGE Advances in Geographic Information Science and Technology Series, 1st ed., Kindle ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.
13. (FA) Farajzadeh, H., Saligheh, M., & Alijani, B. (2016). Application of global thermal climate index in Iran from tourism perspective. Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, 5(7), 117-137.
14. (FA) Hejazi Zadeh, Z., Karbalaei, A., & Kazemi Azar, M. (2024). Analysis of climate change impact on extreme precipitation in East Azerbaijan Province. Journal of Geography, 22(83).
15. (FA) Iranian Meteorological Organization. (2021). Climatic and geographical reports of the provinces. Tehran: Iran Meteorological Organization.
16. (FA) Iranian Meteorological Organization. (2022). Climate statistics and information of West Azerbaijan Province. West Azerbaijan Province Meteorological Office.
17. (FA) Jahanbakhsh Asl, S., Behrouz Sari Sarraf, H., Asakereh, H., & Shirmohammadi, S. (2020). Analysis of spatiotemporal variations of critical precipitation (high extreme) in western Iran during 1965–2016. Journal of Spatial Analysis of Environmental Hazards, (1).
18. (FA) Khorshid Doost, A. M., Mofidi, A., Rasouli, A. A., & Azarm Kamel, A. (2016). Synoptic analysis of heavy spring rainfall mechanism in northwest Iran. Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, 5(8), 53-82.
19. (EN) Ma, Y. Z. (2019). Quantitative geosciences: Data analytics, geostatistics, reservoir characterization and modeling (1st ed., Kindle ed.). Springer.
20. (FA) Masoudian, A., & Darand, M. (2013). Identification and analysis of extreme precipitation events in Iran over recent decades. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 11(20), 239-257.
21. (EN) Mitchell, A. (2015). The ESRI guide to GIS analysis, Volume 2: Spatial measurements and statistics (1st ed., Kindle ed.). Esri Press.
22. (FA) Mohammadi, H., Azizi, G., Khosh Akhlagh, F., & Ranjbar, F. (2017). Trend analysis of daily extreme precipitation indices in Iran. Journal of Physical Geography Research, 49(1), 21-37.
23. (FA) Mohammadi, H., Esmaeili Mahmoudabadi, A., Sadeghivar, F., & Jafari, A. (2018). Synoptic analysis of heavy precipitation in northwest Iran: Case study of heavy precipitation on November 11, 1993. Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Iranian Climatology.
24. (FA) Neyri, M., Azizi, G., & Rostami Jalilian, S. (2009). Synoptic analysis of heavy precipitation in western Iran (Case study: Precipitation period of March 7–14, 2005). Journal of Physical Geography, 1(4), 1-13.
25. (EN) Oliver, M. A. (1990). Kriging: A method of interpolation for geographical information systems. International Journal of Geographic Information Systems, 4, 313-332.
26. (EN) Portalanza, D., Torres-Ulloa, M., Alava, E., & J., J. (2025). Impacts of climate change on extreme weather indices in Ecuadorian cities: A socioeconomic analysis. Weather and Climate Extremes, 50, 100810. 
27. (EN) Portalanza, J., et al. (2025). Projected changes in extreme precipitation patterns under climate change scenarios. Journal of Hydrology, 650, 130-145.
28. (FA) Rabbani, F., & Mohammadi, S. (2016). Investigation and analysis of convective precipitation in northwest Iran. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Geographical Sciences.
29. (FA) Rasouli, A. A., Babaeian, I., Ghaemi, H., & Zavareza, P. (2012). Time series analysis of pressure centers of synoptic patterns affecting seasonal precipitation in Iran. Journal of Geography and Development, 10(27), 77-88.
30. (FA) Rasouli, A. A., Nasiri, S., & Valizadeh Kamran, K. (2011). Modeling spatial distribution of heavy precipitation in mountainous areas of northwest Iran during 2010–2012. Journal of Physical Geography Research, (40), 414-417.
31. (FA) Rasouli, A. A., Ostadi, E., & Azizzadeh, M. R. (2019). Spatial distribution of daily precipitation concentration index in northwest Iran. Journal of Geography and Planning, (69).
32. (FA) Rasouli, A. A., Roshani, R., & Ghasemi, A. R. (2013). Analysis of temporal and spatial variations of annual precipitation in Iran. Journal of Geographical Research, (108), 1.
33. (EN) Rasouli, A. A., Cheung, K. K. W., Ji, F., & Lisa T.-C. (2021a). Spatial characteristics of precipitation in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area as revealed by the daily precipitation concentration index. Atmosphere, 12, 627.
34. (EN) Rasouli, A. A., Mammadov, G. S., & Asgarova, M. M. (2021b). Mastering spatial data analysis inside the GIS setting. Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Faculty of History and Geography.
35. (EN) Royle, A. G., Clausen, F. L., & Frederiksen, P. (1981). Practical universal kriging and automatic contouring. Geoprocessing, 1, 377-394.
36.(FA) Salimi Mestali, A., Khoshkhoo, Y., & Gholizadeh, M. H. (2019). Risk assessment and zoning of extreme precipitation occurrence in western Iran. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation Research, (1).

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از 06 تیر 1405

  • تاریخ دریافت 21 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 01 تیر 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 06 تیر 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 06 تیر 1405