Nivar

Nivar

Evaluation of spatial and temporal fluctuations of dry and wet deposition of soil-borne particulate matter over the Persian Gulf and the Sea of ​​Oman.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Roohollah Davoodi 1
Hossein Malakooti 2
Sara Karami 3
1 Department of Marine and Atmospheric Science (non-Biologic), University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Marine and Atmospheric Science (non-Biologic), University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Meteorology, Department of Air pollution and dust, Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Center (ASMERC), Tehran, Iran
10.30467/nivar.2026.574531.1372
Abstract
Dust is one of the most important atmospheric pollutants in the West Asian region, which has significant impacts on air quality, human health, and marine and terrestrial ecosystems. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal fluctuations in dry and wet deposition fluxes of dust-borne suspended particles (Dust Deposition) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Makran) basin over ten years (2014 to 2023) using MERRA-2 and CAMS reanalysis data. The main goal is to identify critical points, determine temporal patterns (monthly, seasonal, and long-term), and analyze the scale of deposition types over the region, and then compare the performance of each data set in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Makran). The results showed that the most critical dry deposition points are the western and northwestern coasts of the Persian Gulf, with an annual average of about 2.5 ton/km2, which is affected by proximity to dust sources and seasonal processes. Also, the peak of dry deposition occurs in the warm seasons of the year (late spring and summer) and in July at a daily rate of 22.46 µg/m2. Wet deposition is also dominant in areas with higher precipitation, including the northwestern coasts of the Persian Gulf and the eastern Oman Sea, with an annual average of about 2.4 ton/km2, and its maximum in February is 24.95 µg/m2 per day, which occurs for the northern Persian Gulf. Also, the results of the correlation analysis of meteorological factors in the region showed that dry deposition has a higher correlation with surface wind speed (R=0.234) and wet deposition has a stronger correlation with rainfall (R=0.445). These findings are essential in air quality management and environmental impact assessment.
Keywords
Soil-borne particulate matter
Persian Gulf and Sea of ​​Oman
dry and wet deposition
CAMS
MERRA-2
Subjects

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  • Receive Date 12 February 2026
  • Revise Date 18 February 2026
  • Accept Date 20 February 2026
  • Publish Date 21 March 2026