بررسی پدیده گردوخاک و عوامل موثر بر آن در منطقه خاورمیانه با رویکرد لزوم انجام اقدامات کاهشی تغییر اقلیم

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشگاه هواشناسی

2 دانشجوی دکتری پژوهشگاه هواشناسی و علوم جو

3 دانشیار پژوهشگاه هواشناسی

چکیده

 
هر تغییر اقلیم در سراسر دنیا سبب وقوع رخدادهای شدید و حدی شده است. یکی از مناطقی که به شدت تحت تاثیر تغییر اقلیم قرار گرفته منطقه خاورمیانه است. خشکسالی‌های شدید در این منطقه در کنار تغییرات انسان‏زا سبب وقوع پدیده‌های گردوخاک شدید می‌شود. در این مطالعه پدیده گردوخاک در منطقه خاورمیانه در دوره آماری 10 ساله (سالهای 2009 تا 2018) از دیدگاه‌های مختلفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. خروجی شار گردوخاک مدل GOCART نشان می‌دهد که بیشترین مقادیر شار گردوخاک از جنوب‌شرقی عربستان، جنوب‌شرقی عراق، منطقه‌ای واقع در مرز دو کشور عراق و سوریه، مناطقی واقع در نیمه غربی ترکمنستان و بخش‌هایی از کشورهای قزاقستان و ازبکستان صورت می‌گیرد. همچنین در مناطقی از سواحل شمالی خلیج فارس و دریای عمان واقع در کشور ایران و مرز سه کشور افغانستان، پاکستان و ایران شار گردوخاک مشاهده می‌شود. الگوی شاخص هواویز (AI) تشابه زیادی با شار گردوخاک دارد. شاخص EVI در بخش وسیعی از منطقه، بسیار کوچک است که نشان دهنده نبود پوشش گیاهی کافی در این مناطق است. مقادیر میانگین بارش تجمعی سالانه نیز در بخش وسیعی از منطقه مورد مطالعه کمتر از mm250 است.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of dust storms and its affecting factors in The Middle East to take all necessary actions for mitigation of climate change

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Karami 1
  • Nasim hosseinhamzeh 2
  • Saviz sehat 1
  • Mehdi Rahnama 1
  • Abbas Ranjbar 3
1 Assistant Professor Atmospheric Science and, Meteorological Research center (ASMERC), Tehran,Iran
2 PhD student Atmospheric Science and, Meteorological Research center (ASMERC), Tehran,Ira
3 Assistant Professor Atmospheric Science and, Meteorological Research center (ASMERC), Tehran,Iran
چکیده [English]

Climate change affects all regions around the world and increase some extreme events. Also climate change threatens the Middle East so much. Severe droughts in this region with anthropogenic changes cause heavy sand and dust storms. In this study, dust phenomenon has been investigated in The Middle East during 10 years (from 2009 to 2018) from different perspectives. GOCART model dust flux output shows that the maximum amount of dust flux was in the southeast of Saudi Arabia, southeast of Iraq, region on the borders between Iraq and Syria, western half of Turkmenistan, parts of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Also dust flux was seen in the north coast of Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and borders between Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Also AI pattern is very similar to dust flux pattern and Index EVI was low in a vast areas of The Middle East that shows deficiency of vegetation cover in that areas. In the other hand, mean annual cumulative precipitation is less than 250 mm in the vast parts of study areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate change
  • Mitigation
  • Dust flux
  • EVI and AI indexes
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