Precipitation Regions of Kurdistan Province
peiman
mahmoudi
گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، اقلیم شناسی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان
author
erfan
momenpour
کارشناس گروه سد و تاسیسات آبی، شرکت آب منطقه ای استان کردستان
author
text
article
2012
per
From early ages, regionalizing and classification have been noted in all scientific views of geography, especially climatology. For precipitation zoning of KurdistanProvince, the monthly data of 28 synoptic stations and rain gauge stations were used for a period of 15 years. Using cluster analysis with the Ward's technique, precipitation regions of KurdistanProvince were determined. The results from this analysis specified three different regions in this province that were called the central moderate precipitation region, the east low precipitation region and the west high precipitation region. The central moderate precipitation region was the biggest precipitation region in KurdistanProvince. Annual precipitation of this region reaches about 455.8 mm. A high proportion of the precipitation in this region occurred in winter; thus, it indicates a winter regime. The east low precipitation region is the second region with the highest amount of precipitation in KurdistanProvince; annual precipitation of this region is about 323.4 mm and most precipitation of this region happens in spring; therefore, it has a spring regime. The west high precipitation region includes the least region and, at the same time, it was the region with highest amount of precipitation in KurdistanProvince. The annual precipitation of this region was about 837 mm and it is considered as the winter regime precipitation.
Nivar
IRIMO
1735-0565
36
v.
77-76
no.
2012
3
14
https://nivar.irimo.ir/article_13196_de5b65d8cca43e4970f2eeb23f044a07.pdf
Studying Drought Indices in Kurdistan Province and Comparing with Trend of Dry Farming Wheat
zarin
tahan
کارشناس ارشد اقلیم شناسی، اداره کل هواشناسی استان تهران
author
saeed
moaya
کارشناس ارشد هواشناسی کشاورزی، اداره کل هواشناسی استان تهران
author
text
article
2012
per
Droughts are the clear signs of disorder and changes in parameters of meteorology such as rain and temperature which are observed in most parts of tropical and semitropical regions of the world within years. Aspect of climatology all parts of the world exposure dearth and drought and due to geographical situation and climatic. Conditions of Iran, drought has been one of the main threats for its people and civilizations during history. Kurdistan province is considered most rain full areas and isranked in high in dry farming specially wheat in the country. But within years dearth and droughts have been occurred in these provinces and provided damages for farmers. In this research drought in Kurdistan province was studied and indices in farming year range in comparing dry farming wheat were evaluated. For this reason, 3 drought indices such as SPI, PN and standard deviation of rain for a 25 year period in were used in the next stage the trend of wheat dry farming in both provinces during a 25 year period and the results of drought, indices were combined. According to results of ANOVA based on 3 methods to determined drought in province, indices SPI with the highest correlation coefficient with trend of dry farming wheat and the best significant level as the best drought indices was selected in comparing with PN method. Also three droughts occurred in both provinces which during 2007-2008 its degree was high intense and during years 1998-99 and 1999-2000 their degrees were in intense and medium
Nivar
IRIMO
1735-0565
36
v.
77-76
no.
2012
15
28
https://nivar.irimo.ir/article_13197_ed9ed0e739b9566c961aeb6754aed434.pdf
The Study of Climatic Parameters of the Esfahan Station During the years 1951 to 2005
alireza
mahmoudi
کارشناس ارشد مرتعداری، دانشگاه شیراز، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب
author
abdalrasoul
zeraee
دانشجوی دکتری بیابانزدایی، دانشگاه تهران
author
ehsan
bizhan
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه شیراز، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب
author
text
article
2012
per
Climate change and global warming are great environmental challenge facing the world, as many research have been devoted to this issue subject is of high importance due to its environmental, economical and social impacts, the human activities such as agriculture in climate. With respect the importance of this issue climate change of Esfahan area was considered from 1951 until 2005 using metrological data. The changing rate in temperature, precipitation and relative moisture were analyzed using liner regression. The results showed that the average of maximum and minimum temperature of the area has increased during 54 past years. The umbrothermic diagrams of the last five decades showed an increase in dry months. Generally, it was concluded that maximum and minimum of the temperature has been increased during last 54 years and the precipitation had no change as well as a clear decrease in humidity. Also, the number of dry month has increased and the climate of the area has been drier.
Nivar
IRIMO
1735-0565
36
v.
77-76
no.
2012
29
36
https://nivar.irimo.ir/article_13198_eead9e6155d0b8924d747e15d241aee0.pdf
Studying the Climate Change of Markazi Province by Mann-Kendall Method
houshmand
ataee
استادیار اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز اصفهان، گروه جغرافیا
author
raziyah
fanaee
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز اصفهان
author
text
article
2012
per
This research aims to study the change in climate elements in Markazi province from 1966 to 2005 (for 40 years) in the monthly, seasonal and yearly time-scales. In this regard, the statistic average of minimum and, maximum temperature and precipitation have been processed at the Arak, Shams Abad, and Tafresh and Saveh stations over this province. After reconstruction of the missing data with interpolation method by using Surfer software, data abnormality by Ncss software and Kolmogorov-Smironov test, their homogeneity were evaluated by Runs test. Then data trend was studied and the random changes were identified using Mann-Kendall,s statistical-graphical test and then the type and time of the changes were studied. According to the results obtained from the temperature average parameters, most of the months have been observed with no change and only in some of the months positive trends observed in Tafresh and Saveh stations. Studying of precipitation parameter indicate a negative trend of all stations from June to September and the lack of trend in other months. The results of studies about the time and kind of changes show that the most of the temperature average changes have of suddenly decreasing and the precipitation indicates a decreasing trend from June to October.
Nivar
IRIMO
1735-0565
36
v.
77-76
no.
2012
37
48
https://nivar.irimo.ir/article_13199_81112a1e444486571b7d68ed9b185663.pdf
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Evaporation Pan Coefficient
In Kermanshah Province
maryam
ahmadi
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی
author
bahman
farhadi
دکترای آبیاری و زهکشی، استادیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی
author
text
article
2012
per
Evapotranspiration is one of the basic parameters for agricultural water planning. There are various formulas to estimate this parameter such as FAO Penman-Montith method and Evaporation pan method. In the pan method, the amount of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimated by multiplying pan coefficient to amount of water vapor from evaporation pan. One of the limitations of pan method is the need to weather parameters (e. g., relative humidity and wind speed) to estimate Kp. In case we have access to these weather parameters other methods of evapotranspiration estimation are preferred. The aim of this study was to determine monthly and seasonal values of Kp in the Kermanshah province. Kp was estimated by dividing calculated ETo (It is calculated based on daily weather data) over pan evaporation. Spatial and temporal variations of Kp have been investigated based on daily weather data (2000 – 2009) in four synoptic weather stations in Kermanshah province. Results showed that Kp in summer is lower than in autumn and spring. Moreover, results indicated that Kp has inverse relation with altitude. In addition daily and monthly pan coefficients have been calculated for Kermanshah airport station based on the FAO method and compared with the estimated pan coefficients in the current study. However, there was low correlation between daily results, but correlation coefficient between monthly results was high (R2=0.89).
Nivar
IRIMO
1735-0565
36
v.
77-76
no.
2012
49
58
https://nivar.irimo.ir/article_13200_79be8302c72bf8a3f9522bb6adf489b8.pdf
Climatic Zoning of Qazvin Province
akram
hedayati
عضو هیات علمی پژوهشکده هواشناسی
author
reza
kakavand
رئیس گروه هواشناسی آبشناسی، مرکز تحقیقات کاربردی استان قزوین
author
text
article
2012
per
The Ghazvin Province is located in northwest of Iran. Because of the mountainous areas in the northern and southwestern parts of the province, and also of two basins in north and south, we observe various climates in this region. To understand the climate of Ghazvin province and desirable climatic zoning, we have considered the topography, height effect on atmospheric parameters and the variability of some climatic factors. In this paper, the spatial changes of some variables such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and evaporation over the Ghazvin region, have been studied and presented by GIS maps. Results showed that the most of Ghazvin province region has cold arid and semi arid climates. Climate variations in the province are function of height too. As height increases, temperature is decreased and precipitation is enhanced
Nivar
IRIMO
1735-0565
36
v.
77-76
no.
2012
59
66
https://nivar.irimo.ir/article_13201_e1b1c480737c1220d770e740936dda96.pdf
An Evaluation of Precipitation Gauge Density in Western Iran
ali
bafkar
استادیار گروه مهندسی آب پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه
author
text
article
2012
per
Accurate evaluation of regional mean annual rainfall is important for the design of water recourses projects. The objective of this study is to evaluate the precipitation gauge density in western Iran covering provinces of Kermanshah, Ilam, Hamadan, Kurdistan and Lorestan. In this research, the average annual precipitation for thirteen raingauge stations was evaluated for a period of 15-years for the study area. Correlation Coefficient(r) and standard errors (SE) of estimate were computed for all station pairs within a 100 Kilometers distance and 360 meter elevation differences. A third-degree polynomial equation the best available relationship based on inter-station distance. Elevation and land slope were actually eliminated from the equation. Based on the results obtained a rain gauge network of additional station is required, with a quantity errore and a quantity correlation coefficient
Nivar
IRIMO
1735-0565
36
v.
77-76
no.
2012
67
72
https://nivar.irimo.ir/article_13202_9f84b32864ae6ed09e34058152f00d4c.pdf